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Autonomous Weapons and International Law: The Rise of AI in Warfare

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Introduction The development of autonomous weapons systems (AWS) , which can operate with little to no human intervention, represents one of the most controversial and ethically fraught areas of artificial intelligence (AI) development. From drones capable of independently identifying and engaging targets to autonomous military robots , these technologies are revolutionizing modern warfare. However, with this revolution comes a host of legal and ethical challenges that international law is currently ill-equipped to handle. While autonomous weapons have the potential to reduce human casualties in conflict by removing soldiers from dangerous situations, they also raise profound questions about accountability, the ethics of machine-led decision-making, and the potential for misuse. As AI becomes an increasingly dominant force in military strategy, the international community must address whether and how these weapons should be regulated under international humanitarian law. This article ...
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Health Data and AI: Legal Boundaries in Predictive Healthcare

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Introduction The intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and healthcare is rapidly transforming the medical field. From AI-powered diagnostic tools to personalized treatment plans based on predictive analytics, AI is offering unprecedented opportunities for improving patient outcomes. One of the most significant applications of AI in healthcare is its ability to analyze vast amounts of health data to predict diseases, assist in early detection, and customize treatment strategies. However, the use of AI in predictive healthcare also raises critical legal and ethical concerns, particularly around data privacy , consent , accountability , and liability . In India, where healthcare infrastructure is undergoing a digital transformation, the role of AI in healthcare is growing. Yet, the legal frameworks governing health data, AI applications, and patient rights remain underdeveloped. This article explores the legal boundaries of AI in predictive healthcare in India, addressing the chall...
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Ethical and Legal Implications of AI-Generated Content in the Creative Industries

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Introduction The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into the creative industries—such as art, music, fashion, and writing—has introduced a revolutionary approach to content creation. AI systems like OpenAI’s GPT-4 , DeepArt , and AIVA (an AI composer) can generate original works, from paintings to symphonies to written content, with minimal human input. AI-generated content is now a mainstream phenomenon, blurring the lines between human creativity and machine intelligence. However, the rise of AI-generated content also brings forth a host of legal and ethical challenges. Questions about intellectual property (IP), copyright, authorship, and fairness in the creative economy are becoming increasingly pertinent. As India positions itself as a growing hub for digital creativity, understanding the implications of AI-generated content is crucial for the country's legal and creative sectors. This article explores the ethical and legal implications of AI in creative industries a...
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Legal Challenges in the Internet of Things (IoT): Data, Privacy, and Security

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Introduction The Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed the way we interact with the world. From smart homes and wearable health trackers to industrial automation and connected vehicles, IoT is enabling a hyper-connected society. India, with its burgeoning technology sector, is at the forefront of IoT adoption, particularly in sectors like agriculture, healthcare, and smart cities. According to the India Brand Equity Foundation (IBEF) , India is poised to become a global leader in IoT, with the IoT market expected to reach $9 billion by 2025. However, the proliferation of IoT devices has introduced significant legal challenges, particularly in terms of data privacy, security , and liability . As millions of devices generate and share vast amounts of personal and industrial data, the question of how to protect this data becomes critical. IoT devices also present unique vulnerabilities to cyber-attacks, which can have far-reaching consequences for both individuals and critical infrast...
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Global AI Governance: Crafting International Laws for Artificial Intelligence

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Introduction Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionising industries worldwide, from healthcare and finance to transportation and defense. However, the rapid development of AI technologies also presents significant global challenges—ethical concerns, data privacy issues, and the potential for autonomous weapon systems, to name a few. While some countries have developed national AI policies, the global nature of AI necessitates a collaborative approach to governance. International laws and frameworks are critical for ensuring that AI technologies benefit all of humanity, rather than exacerbating inequality, bias, and conflicts. In this article, we explore the need for global AI governance , focusing on the key issues that international laws must address and how countries, including India, are positioning themselves in this evolving landscape. The Challenges of AI Governance AI is not confined by borders, and its impacts—both positive and negative—are global. The widespread deployment...
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Cybersecurity Law and Deep Tech: Protecting Critical Infrastructure in the Age of AI and IoT

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Introduction As India and the world accelerate towards a digital future, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) has brought new dimensions to cybersecurity challenges. The interconnected nature of critical infrastructure—such as energy grids, healthcare systems, transportation networks, and financial institutions—makes it vulnerable to cyber-attacks. From the 2017 Wannacry ransomware attack to more recent breaches in India’s power grid systems, it is clear that cybersecurity has become a critical national and global issue. Cybersecurity laws must evolve in tandem with advancements in deep tech, particularly AI and IoT, to address the vulnerabilities and risks these technologies introduce. This article examines the current state of cybersecurity law in India, the specific threats posed by AI and IoT, and the legal frameworks needed to protect critical infrastructure in the face of increasingly sophisticated cyber threats. India’s Cybersecurit...
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The Role of Renewable Energy Law in Fighting Climate Change: An India-Focused Perspective

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Introduction India is at a crucial juncture in its development as it balances the competing demands of economic growth, energy security, and environmental sustainability. As one of the world’s fastest-growing economies, India is also one of the largest consumers of energy, with significant reliance on coal and other fossil fuels. At the same time, the country is uniquely vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, with rising sea levels, changing monsoon patterns, and increasing heatwaves threatening both its people and economy. Against this backdrop, India’s legal frameworks governing renewable energy are of paramount importance. Renewable energy law plays a critical role in enabling India’s transition to a low-carbon economy, fostering the development of solar, wind, hydro, and bioenergy projects. But while the government has made ambitious commitments under international agreements like the Paris Agreement , translating these goals into actionable policies and enforceable laws rema...
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Location: Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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